In the rapidly evolving landscape of sensing technology, micro optical sensors have emerged as a cornerstone for precision measurement across diverse industries. These miniature devices leverage the principles of optics to detect, measure, and analyze physical phenomena with exceptional accuracy and reliability. Unlike traditional sensors, micro optical sensors utilize light-based mechanisms, such as interferometry, spectroscopy, or photoelectric effects, to capture data without physical contact, minimizing interference and wear. Their compact size, often at the micron scale, allows for integration into tight spaces, enabling applications in fields like healthcare, automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics. For instance, in medical diagnostics, micro optical sensors facilitate non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose levels or early detection of pathogens through biosensing. In industrial automation, they enhance quality control by measuring minute displacements or surface defects in manufacturing processes. The development of these sensors is driven by advancements in microfabrication techniques, including photolithography and nanoimprinting, which enable mass production at lower costs. Additionally, the integration of micro optical sensors with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms has unlocked real-time data analytics, supporting smart systems in environmental monitoring or autonomous vehicles. Despite their advantages, challenges such as sensitivity to environmental factors like temperature fluctuations or dust require ongoing research into materials like silicon photonics and graphene to improve robustness. As demand for high-precision, energy-efficient solutions grows, micro optical sensors are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping future technologies, from wearable health devices to advanced robotics. Their ability to provide reliable, high-resolution data in real-time underscores their transformative potential in an increasingly data-driven world.